Buckey diaphragm for scattered X-ray radiation and process of making the same



July 28, 1925.

E. S. FLARSHEIM ET AL AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Filed March 6, 1924 Patented July 28,- 1925.7

UNITED STATES i'l@ PATENTv OFFICE.

EDWIN S. FLARSHEIM AND JOHN G. H. LIEBEL, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

BUCKEY DIAIPHRAGM FOR SCATTERED X-RAY RADIATION AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME.

Application filed March 6, 1924. Serial No. 697,341.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that we, EDWIN S. FLARSHEIM and JOHN G. H. LIEBEL, citizens of the United States, and residing at Cincinnati, in

.the county of Hamilton and Stateof Ohio,

have invented a new and useful Buckey Diaphragm for Scattered X-Ray Radiation and Processes of Making the Same, of which the following specification is a full disclosure.

This invention relates to an improved diaphragm orl grid used in rntgenography of X-ray photography and tothe process of making the same, and particularly to a type in which the grid is composed of longitudinal strips of material, impermeable andpermeable for Rntgen rays in alternate arrangement side byside with the adjacent walls of the strips parallel and unidirectional, "vand the impermeable strip in lines radiating from a common center at the anode of the Rntgen tube. Commercially grids of this character are generally made to give a spherical shape or grid surface, as a most practical form of manufacture in that strips of uniform cross section can be employed facilitating assembling, although a plane form is more preferable. The plane form provides for the use of a flat table upon which the object or patient can be more advantageously positioned, and likewise permits the table, grid and sensitized photographic plate or film to be sustained in parallelism, productive of more elicient results and offering greater convenience in manipulation. i To produce a plane form of grid with the impermeable strips theoretically all in radial lines with a common axis or relatively different angularly disposed to produce such an arrangement has heretofore not been found feasible for commercial production, as the side walls of each permeable strip between the impermeable strips would have to be of different an les from one another, rendering the pro uction of the grid tedious yand costly.

The present invention provides for an economical and practical commerical production of a plane grid composed of groups of strip units or sections of grid, .in which the strips of each group or section permeable and impermeable for Rntgen rays are plane strips in parallel arrangement side by side, with the strips of one section disposed at an angle to the strips of another section, and relatively in approximate radiating lines from a common center.

Aside from the construction of the grid as an article of commerce it is also an object of they invention to provide for a simple and expedient method of making the same and particularly the sections thereof which will avoid handling the ystrips individually for assembling. v

Further features and advantages of the invention will be more fully set forth in the description of the accompanying drawings forming a pa-rt of this specification, 1n

. which:

carriage is provided with rollers 4 engagedl upon the tracks 6-6 adapin thecarriage to be freely translated longitudinally beneath the table. The grid therefore is movably mounted and is provided with mechanism not shown for imparting motion to the same when the photograph is taken or making an exposure. Beneath the grid a plate or film holder 7 is removably mounted. The carriage mechanism and plate or film holder devices may be of any-conventional form.

The commercial X-ray apparatus, usually, is provided with controlling devices for either manual or automatic control of the electric circuits and moving parts,'but as the present invention deals only with the construction of .the grid or screen and the process of making the same, it is deemed that the general reference to and ddisclosure of an X-ray apparatus as made herein is sutlicient for the present purposes. Likewise as the objects and purposes of a grid of this character are well known in the art, as primarily to nullify or prevent the injurious effect of secondary or scattered rays on the photographic plate,no enlargement thereof will groups of strip units of the` be made herein except to note that the grid is preferably of the type having a thin st rip impermeable for Rntgen rays extending longitudinally for the full width of the grid, as a most approved form and distinguished from the cellular form.

The grid structure therefore is composed of a number of wood and lead strips 8 and 9 respectively, in -alternate arrangement side by side, adhesively and compressively secured together into a unit, the unit having plane upper and lower or opposite face side surfaces, with the lead strips disposed at an angle to one another, or in radial lines to a common axis or focusing wood and lead strips individually represent plane parallel sided lengths of materials, all thewoodstrips and the lead strips respectively being of same dimension, with the lead strips of relatively smaller gauge thickness than the wood strips. The strips in their alternate arrangement for the grid are combined in groups or grid sections, with the `strips which make up each group or section in parallelism and relatively at'an angle to the strips of a second or adjoining group or grid section.

The strip groups or grid sections are strip widths cut from a laminated board, the board being built up of a definite number of sheets of wood and lead material, as permeable and impermeable material for Rntgen rays, the different material sheets in alternate arrangement being laid one upon the other and adhesively united to form a composite board. This Ycomposite board, with the sheets or layers in horizontal position is cross cut into strip width, designated as grid sect-ions;l The cut sides of the grid sections being the upper and lower face surfaces of the grid when 'the sections are secured together. The laminations thus are transposed from the horizontal osition on the board to a vertical position or the grid when the sections in building up the grid are placed side by side. In cross cutting the composite board the degree of cutting angle is changed for each strip width or grid section, for establishing a progressive order of inclination of the lead strip when the grid sections are assembled, this being for the purpose of positioning the lead strips of the various sections at relative approximate angles, corresponding appropriately to radial lines from a common focusing axis or point for the grid. The several sections of a number required for a given size of grid assembled in a definite order, at opposite sides of a central grid section, to bring the lead strips of the sections on one side of the central grid section in an opposite direction from those at the opposite side of the cen tral rrid section, are adhesively cemented together and placed in a die or holder for compressing the same together and uniting point. Both the the sections into a single unit, the compres-'- or finished as desired. The grid thus' formed comprises a series of flat wood and lead strips divided into groupsor sections, with the lead strips in one group in parallelism, and at an angle to the parallel strip of second adjoining group and all of thelead strips, occupying an appropriate position to approximately present the same in radial lines with a common focusing axis or point for4 the grid. The parallelism of the lead strips ofthe different sections, owing to the limited number' employed for each section appear to be of advantage in a moving grid,

as presenting a minimum interference with the primary rays. `The shifting movement of the grid progressively center the lead strips with the focusing point, so that the same are moved into radial lines with- -the focusing point while others vare slightly deviated therefrom establishing 'an equalization for the production of a very clear and sharply defined negative. It is obvious that the grid plate could be made of rectangular instead of parallelogramic sections and before permanently set could be given a cal form if desired. I

spherii Having describedmy invention, I claim:

1. A grid for X-ray photography comprising a plate composed of parallel sided strips of dif'ferent'material permeable and impermeable for Rntgen rays secured to'-v gether side by side in alternate arrangement.

`2. A grid for X-ray .photography comprising a composite plate c-omposed of sections united together, each section having parallel strips of material impermeable for Rntgen rays secured together with intervening strip of material permeable for Rntgen rays and the ray impermeable strips of one section disposed at an angle t0 the corresponding strips of an adjoining section.

3. A grid for X-ray photography, comprising a composite plate composed of sections secured together, each section comprising parallel laminations of different material in alternate ararngement, and the sections secured together with the laminations of one section at an angle to the laminations of an adjoining section.

4. The process of making a grid for X-ray photography which consists in forming a composite board of laminations of different material, relatively permeable and impermeable for Rntgen rays in alternate arrangement, cross cutting the board into grid sections and securing the sections together' to form a plate with the cut edges of the sections forming the face surface of the plate. e

5. The process of making a grid for X-ray photography which consists in forming a composite board of lalninations of different material. relatively permeable and impermeable for Rntgen rays in alternate arrangement, cross cutting lthe board into grid sections. securing the sections togetherr to form a plate with the eut edges of the Sectio-ns forming the face surface of the plate, and with the laminations of one section at `an angle to the laminations of an 15 adjoining section.

In Witness whereof, We hereunto subscribe our names, as attested by the two subscribing Witnesses.

EDWIN S. FLARSHEIM. JOHN G. H. LIEBEL. Witnesses:

GORDON C. AREY, PEARL PERRY. 

